Although it may be possible to prove non-existence in special situations, such as showing that a container does not contain certain items, one cannot prove universal or absolute non-existence. God exists. Until you can prove otherwise, I will continue to believe that he does. Explanation: Once again we are dealing with confusion of probability and possibility. Tip: If you think you are being visited by aliens, gods, spirits, ghosts, or any other magical beings, just ask them for information that you can verify, specifically with a neutral third-party that would prove their existence.
This would be simple for any advanced alien race, any god or heavenly being. This is wrong. A bold, contradict-me-if-you-dare, statement that full-fat milk is not linked to childhood obesity. Now this may be true, but the research stated that there was no evidence that full-fat milk and dairy products lead to overweight children. There is always the possibility that an effect has not been detected or is very small. This headline comes from a review of four large clinical studies looking at whether using talcum powder on the vulva is linked to an increase in ovarian tumours.
Although the findings are reassuring, the researchers point out that they are unable to exclude the possibility of a very small increase in ovarian cancer. They explain that ovarian cancer is a relatively rare finding and that the studies may have been flawed.
This important and topical systematic review considers whether giving plasma from people who have recovered from COVID, and which is full of antibodies to the virus, helps those who are critically ill with the infection. In October the second update of the review was published analysing data from 19 trials. Despite including over participants, more than of whom received convalescent plasma, the authors concluded that they were uncertain whether it is beneficial to people admitted to hospital with COVID Most of the studies did not include a control group and so they were also unable to assess the relative safety of convalescent plasma therapy.
At this point there was insufficient high certainty evidence to know the answer to the question. In other words, there was no reliable evidence that convalescent plasma helps or harms. There were ongoing studies that would be assessed as they were published and their data included in the review. The latest update of this Cochrane Review, published in May , has shown that there is now high certainty evidence that convalescent plasma has little or no benefit in the treatment of people with moderate to severe COVID However, it continues to be uncertain as to whether there is any benefit in the treatment of people who have no symptoms or mild disease.
This review considers different ways to help halitosis bad breath. It is uncertain which, if any, work best at controlling bad breath. This is not to say none works but that there is insufficient, good quality evidence to guide us.
In fact, I suspect you might not. In our imaginary trial, how can we prove if this drug helps people to see in the dark? To see if the drug works, we take 40 people and randomly allocate them to 2 groups with 20 people in each.
One group gets unicornal tablets, the other a dummy, placebo tablet. Nobody knows — neither the people taking the tablets nor the people conducting the experiment — whether or not they are taking unicornal or placebo. We then measure the ability of people to see in the dark. It can be hard to see the difference between these statements.
This should be taken to heart by everyone interested in understanding evidence. Where does the unicorn come in? Well, there is you will find when you arrive an absence of evidence that my unicorn exists. All we can say is that there is no evidence from this study that it does work paragraph 2. But perhaps we should dig a little deeper. Well maybe or maybe not. If unicornal had had a very dramatic effect, tripling or quadrupling the number of people who could see in the dark, we may well have seen that even in our small study.
Imagine a group of 10, normal people. There really was a benefit of unicornal and a difference between those taking the drug and those not, but we simply did not find it.
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