For example, if a person needs a drug, alcohol, or violence rehabilitation they would get it through rehabilitative programs. On the other hand, punishment and incarceration is the top option for people who commit crimes.
People need to know there are consequences to their actions like if someone knows they will only have to go through a rehabilitative program and not do physical time they will not learn their lesson. Within the prison system, there are programs that the prisons can do such as having drug or counseling on how to be a better parent. At the other end of the spectrum are the Scandinavians.
Norway, for example, has one of the lowest, at 66 per , While the composition and severity of crime varies, the US and the Scandinavian model represent different philosophies. The US system focuses more on punishment, whereas the Scandinavian model emphasises rehabilitation: treatment and support aimed to help the offender become a law abiding member of society.
This might include developing skills to improve employability or treating mental health problems, for example. The UK falls somewhere in between these two models. Although it has the highest prison population per capita in western Europe, the country has experimented with initiatives aimed at diverting low level offenders away from prison.
One of the largest such schemes — Operation Checkpoint — is being run by Durham Constabulary. Of course, while not every rehabilitation programme in the UK has been rigorously evaluated, these results are consistent with other evidence across England and Wales indicating that non-custodial alternatives can reduce crime.
The effective response to crime has always been a matter of debate. While the retributive idea of justice seeks to inflict a cost or hardship on the criminal as a just response to crime, the rehabilitation model seeks to provide support that can reform the criminal. Indeed, Australia has gradually take steps towards a more rehabilitative model of criminal justice over time.
Back in our early days, around crimes were punishable by death; many relating to theft from a property such as stealing a sheep, and also fraud offences such as forgery. When a person was executed — traditionally by hanging — it was common for large crowds of the general public to attend, even bring their children to watch. However, many were spared the death penalty due to the prerogative of mercy, in which a Governor and Executive Council would take into account mitigating factors and pardon the prisoner.
Prisoners were routinely abused, tortured or treated like animals. In , Australia abolished capital punishment with the Death Penalty Abolition Act , but it did not roll out fully throughout the country until , with New South Wales being the last state to adopt. However, the effects of punishment on human behaviour were still not well known at this time — and to satisfy community expectations, the prison system was still highly punitive for the years that followed.
Prison environments were harsh and overcrowded, with few pre- and post-release intervention strategies in place. By the turn of the millennium, rehabilitative models were beginning to gain traction, mostly due to a major incarceration boom , which had left governments with little choice but to explore new models of criminal justice.
These innovative models recognised the potential to positively intervene in the lives of offenders, address their criminogenic needs, and restore them to high functioning member of society. These initiatives were supported by a growing body of evidence showing that rehabilitation is generally far more successful at reducing recidivism than punishment; and that incarceration by itself may actually increase reoffending.
Rehabilitation frameworks saw an increase in onsite mental health support, a focus on prison architecture and design — to improve layout, aesthetics and acoustics — and a variety of new programs to support prisoner wellbeing.
The Alexander Maconochie Centre, which opened in , houses around half of its inmate in shared cottages and promotes skill development, through a range of programs. In addition, privately-run Ravenhall prison offers pre- and post-release intervention, as well as extensive onsite mental health support. Some governments have also incentivised private operators to reduce the rates of recidivism. To this end, their focus has been on softening prison design, reducing overcrowding and providing facilities for self-improvement, such as libraries and mental health facilities.
Evolution and positive change is occurring, just not perhaps at the same rate as some of our global peers. Amy Sarcevic is a freelance media, blog, technical and copy writer.
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These help the inmate become a better version of themselves by the retribution and Psychological help by professionals. These are some of the points that will test both the aspects and will help you to conclude the topic:. Thus, this was all that we should have known about when it comes to Punishment vs. As for choosing any one of the two, I should pass the opportunities as both the concept have their pros and cons, and balanced usage of both is the key to a peaceful and harmonious world.
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