The T2 vertebra is the second vertebra in the thoracic spinal column. It is slightly larger than the T1 vertebra, but smaller than the T3 vertebra. The T2 vertebra has faceted sides that allow the vertebra to press up against the ribs. The T3 vertebra is the third segment of the twelve thoracic vertebrae.
Since it descends from the T2 vertebra, it is slightly larger than the two previous thoracic vertebrae. The T4-T8 vertebrae make up the rest thoracic vertebrae before the thoracic vertebrae T9 - T With the exception of T4, which affects both the chest and abdomen, these vertebrae primarily control abdominal muscles.
The T4 and T5 vertebrae are the most commonly injured thoracic vertebrae. The thoracic vertebrae T1 is located in the upper part of the back. The T2 vertebra is a member of the thoracic vertebrae column, located between the cervical vertebrae and the lumbar spinal vertebrae. As the second descending thoracic vertebra, the T2 vertebra is located below T1 and above T3.
The T3 vertebra is located between the T2 and T4 vertebrae. Approximately, the distance between the skull and the T3 vertebra is one-third of the way down the spinal column. The T4 - T8 vertebrae are located between the T3 and T9 vertebrae and help to make up the thoracic vertebrae column. The thoracic vertebrae region slopes inward between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae regions.
The T8 vertebrae can be located in the middle of this inward slope. The T8 vertebrae is at the same level as the xiphoid process — i. A T1 vertebra injury may result in moderate to severe neck pain and upper back pain. If the first rib is injured, there may be difficulty breathing.
Additional T1 vertebra pain symptoms may include numbness in the forearm or hand, or weakness in the hands, fingers and wrists. Since the T2 vertebra helps control the heart, T2 vertebra pain symptoms may include chest pain, as well as heart trouble and a disruption in cardiac rhythm. The T3 vertebra controls the lungs and bronchial tubes, as well as other chest muscles. Symptoms of a T3 vertebra injury include breathing difficulties, asthma, cough, as well as ailments such as bronchitis, influenza, and pneumonia.
The T4 vertebra has nerves controlling the gallbladder and common duct, though it does affect the lungs and bronchial tubes additionally. As a result, T4 pain symptoms can show themselves through gallbladder trouble, gallstones, and jaundice.
Since the T5 - T8 vertebrae control abdominal muscles, pain symptoms for one of these vertebrae will manifest themselves through abdominal pain. The T5 and T6 vertebrae pain symptoms include digestion problems such as ulcers and heartburn. While T7 pain symptoms also include digestive ailments, the T7 and T8 vertebrae injury symptoms include fatigue, anemia, circulatory weakness, weakened immune system, and low blood, among others. The T1-T8 vertebrae have similarities such as each of these thoracic vertebrae being directly attached to the rib cage and containing nerve roots that exit the spinal column at each vertebral level of the spine.
However, the nerves of each thoracic vertebra level communicate with different sections of the body. The T1-T4 thoracic sections control primarily chest muscles and organs, such as the heart and lungs. The T5 - T8 vertebrae affect the abdominal muscles, as well as some of the chest. The T1-T8 vertebrae are also known as part of the twelve segments of the thoracic vertebrae region.
Each can be referred individually as:. Injuries to the spinal cord tissue or nerve roots impact physical function according to their vertebral level.
At the end of the pedicles, the bone widens and extends laterally, medially, superiorly, and inferiorly. The superior and inferior extensions form the superior and inferior articular processes, respectively.
The superior articular process is a smooth, slightly concave oval of bone that faces posteriorly and forms a planar joint with the inferior articular process of the T6 vertebra. Similarly, the inferior articular process is a slightly convex oval of bone that faces anteriorly and forms a planar joint where it meets the superior articular process of the T8 vertebra.
The lateral extensions from the pedicles widen to form the transverse processes. Small, smooth indentations on the anterior side of the transverse processes form planar joints with the neck of the seventh pair of ribs.
These joints help to support the ribs but allow them to glide superiorly and inferiorly. Finally, the laminae extend medially from the pedicles to complete the ring of the vertebral arch.
From the union of the pedicles the thin, flat spinous process extends posteriorly and inferiorly behind the centrum of the T8 vertebra. The structure of the T7 vertebra allows it to form an important part of the ribcage. The spinous process descends posterior to the T8 vertebra to help lock the thoracic vertebra in a stiff, solid column with little room for rotation or lateral movement.
Facets in the centrum and transverse processes form planar synovial joints to help to hold ribs in place while providing slight gliding movement. The thoracic spinal vertebrae consist of 12 total vertebrae and are located between the cervical vertebrae which begin at the base of the skull and….
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