This material is produced by heating iron using a crucible container. In addition to carbon and iron, the cast steel contains one or more other metallic elements such as manganese, copper , aluminum , silicon , or chromium.
These elements are added to improve physical and mechanic properties and corrosion resistance properties. Moreover, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel , titanium, tungsten , vanadium, zirconium, and any other element are added to obtain desired alloy properties. It is one of the oldest ferrous alloys used in construction and outdoor ornaments. It is hard , brittle , nonmalleable and more fusible compared to steel. But properties slightly vary depending on the composition of the material.
There are several categories of cast iron such as white cast iron, malleable cast iron, ferritic malleable cast iron, grey cast iron, and ductile iron. In addition to iron and carbon, these alloys contain silicon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorous. It may also contain one or more of the following elements. Composition varies according to the application. Cast iron is cheaper than steel, and has a low melting point with the ability to mold easily.
Cast iron is used for making manhole covers, piping and guttering. Cite APA 7 ,. Difference Between Steel and Cast Iron. Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects. MLA 8 ,. These corrosion products are very dense, adherent, have considerable strength, and form a barrier against further corrosion.
Because of the absence of free graphite in steel, the corrosion products have little or no strength or adherence and flake off as they are formed, thus presenting fresh surfaces for further corrosion. I hate to say it, but I stopped reading after the first sentence was factually wrong.
Iron is not the heavest element found on earth, not by a long shot. Silver, Lead, Mercury, Uranium, Gold are all denser and heavier, and those are just the well know ones. I know this is an old post, but I felt the need to add a few things just to potentially help those that may come across this looking for answers. First of all, responding to your comment Peter, we absolutely do find Uranium on Earth.
More to the point, even the more common elements that Douglas listed are in fact all heavier than iron gold being over twice as heavy as iron. To name a few more elements that are heavier and more dense than iron: platinum, palladium, plutonium, tungsten all of which are found on earth, btw even nickel and cobalt are more dense than iron. And there is a laundry list more. And all this is only in response to the first sentence of the article.
Others here have commented on numerous other inaccuracies in this post. Some steel is mild, but there is also high carbon and corrosion resistant steel, as well as various super alloy.
A lot of stainless steel has NO iron in it. Depending on the alloy, it may be replaced by nickel. Cast iron is actually rather soft do the file test. Metals have a combination of strength and plasticity that is not found in many other materials. What is the difference between cast iron and steel? The most notable difference between steel and cast iron is the carbon content.
Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy without fracturing. Rubber is a tough material. Toughness is a combination of ductility and strength see below. Strength is a measure of how much force is needed to bend an object. Steel and cast iron are both strong materials. Ductility is a measure of a materials ability to undergo plastic transformation without rupturing. Gold is a ductile material. Hardness is the ability of a material to resist scratching.
Diamonds are hard objects. However , the quick answer I gave above is complicated by heat treatments and alloys. Heat treatments can increase or decrease hardness assuming there is enough carbon in a metal. Some heat treatments allow you to harden parts of the material, while leaving other parts soft tough. This treatment is done by heating a metal to just below its critical transformation point, and then letting that metal cool down slowly over a long period of time.
This process can relieve internal structural stresses in the metal caused from cold working, shearing, or gas cutting. Unlike the previous treatment, the annealing process requires that the metal be heated to just above its critical point. After which, it is cooled over a long period of time inside the furnace or another heated environment. This can greatly improve the strength and ductility toughness of a metal at the expense of hardness. The normalizing process is very similar to annealing, the primary difference is that the stock is allowed to cool outside the furnace at atmospheric temperatures.
Due to the faster cool down speed, normalized metal is harder but less tough than annealed metal. Much like the softening processes above, the stock is heated to its critical temperature. After the heating, the stock is quenched in one of the following: water,brine, oil, or liquid nitrogen. Liquid nitrogen or even blasts of cold air may be used for high-alloy materials. There are other methods for low carbon materials, which I will cover later. The basic idea of surface hardening, is that you only harden the surface that needs to be hardened.
As the name suggest, flame hardening involves using an acetylene torch to heat the part of the project that needs to be hardened. This is because you want to avoid hardening the metal at different rates throughout the stock.
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