Advanced Technology. Energizer Commercial Premium. Energizer Commercial. Automotive Trends. Battery Replacement Rule. Stamped Grid. Commercial Trends. Start the right way.
Looking to Energize your vehicle? Battery Finder. Find your dealer. Car batteries. Commercial vehicles. Contact us! Paseo de La Habana 34 Madrid Spain. Phone 91 35 40 Fax 91 35 United Arab Emirates.
Lubatex Group. Bleiweisova Cesta 30 Ljublijana Albania. Phone Email miran. Clarios Austria Ges. Murbangasse Wien Austria.
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bleiweisova Cesta 30 Ljublijana Bosnia and Herzegovina. Burkina Faso. Phone 88 Email Ivo. Sarmadjiev clarios.
Podkopayevsky per. Phone Fax Central African Republic. Clarios Schweiz GmbH. Grindelstrasse 19 Bassersdorf Switzerland. Email info-ch varta-automotive. Shipping details Estimated ship dimensions: 3. Return details This item must be returned to any Target store. This item must be returned within 30 days of the in-store purchase, ship date or online order pickup. See return policy for details. See the return policy for complete information. More to consider.
Featured products. Show more 3. From the manufacturer Loading, please wait Show more. Review images See more review images. Write a review. With photos. Mine were dead!!! Jess - 29 days ago. Oh cmon Target. Why were mine dead? Now, I have to go to the store because I can't get a refund online. Helpful Not helpful Report review. Speedy - 1 month ago , Verified purchaser.
Joelle - 1 month ago , Verified purchaser. Didn't have any issues with fit. Easy order pickup. Packaging was hard to open without sciccors 5 out of 5 stars. Needed for my key fob and it was perfect. Did you? Good quality 5 out of 5 stars. Anon - 8 months ago , Verified purchaser. Good quality and just what I was looking for!
Terminals: conductive parts provided for the connection of a battery to external conductors;. Application test: simulation of the actual use of a battery in a specific application;. Off-load voltage: voltage across the terminals of a battery when no current is flowing;.
Service output: service life, or capacity, or energy output of a battery under specified conditions of discharge;. Voltage-electrical potential: difference between two poles, may be continuous voltage one pole is always positive and the other always negative or alternating current the poles vary in their polarity ;.
Electrical current: orderly movement of electrons, which can be direct or alternating;. Electrical resistance: electrical component that hinders the passage of electric current, dissipating heat energy to the mean;.
Recharging the battery: the inverse process to the normal operation of a battery in which tension is applied at its terminals, to recombine the electrolyte to the battery so that it can continue to feed a load. Digital signal processors force the involuntary shut down of hearing aids when the supply voltage reaches 1. Kates states that a battery for a hearing aid should last for at least 50 hours.
As we describe later, even battery manufacturers do not always make the technical data for their batteries available. Only one distributor of hearing aid batteries Microbattery, provides an online table comparing the specifications of 10 brands, by presenting the data sheets from various manufacturers. However, this focuses on presenting information for marketing purposes in order to promote sales through their website.
With this information in mind, it can be seen that it is difficult for otologists and audiologists to recommend the brand of hearing aid battery with the best performance to patients.
Factors such as patient comparisons of battery brand durability, the risk of battery leaks and how to deal with them, procedures to use in the case of ingestion, how to dispose of hearing aid batteries, whether zinc-air batteries can be recharged, and if rechargeable batteries fully replace zinc-air batteries have not been fully investigated.
There are no publications in the literature addressing these basic concerns, although some information can be found in scientific publications and lay media. Thus, we attempted to address the above concerns and develop laboratory tests for the practical purpose of comparing the performance of 4 different sizes of 10 brands of batteries for hearing aids that can be found in the Brazilian marketplace.
We did not conduct a financial analysis between zinc-air batteries and rechargeable batteries. The primary objective of this research was to investigate the performance of 10 brands of hearing aid batteries under the same test conditions.
The secondary objectives were to describe courses of action to be taken for battery leaks, accidental intake, and disposal. This study was performed in the Laboratory of Acoustics at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology between June 17, and February 5, Hearing aid batteries can be found in sizes , 13, , 10, and 5 in descending size.
In the Brazilian marketplace, it is hard to find hearing aids with batteries of size 5, so this size was not tested in the current study. Before battery acquisition, we performed a quick survey of experienced audiologists to determine which brands of hearing aid batteries were most used by them, and which brands patients recommended.
With this information, manufacturers, dealers, and distributors were contacted by mail with a standard message, and, depending on the manufacturer, they sent us samples, data sheets, material safety data sheets, and marketing material. Although a survey of all the manufacturers was conducted, some did not provide data sheets for their products, namely ExtraPower, ClearCell, PowerOne specifications only , and Sony.
Possession of data sheets allowed observation of common technical standards and a direct comparison of the performance of batteries from several manufacturers. The six suppliers contacted are listed in Chart 1.
The last three vendors listed in the chart donated their batteries, while the others sold them at retail value. Hearing aid pills are commonly marketed as batteries; therefore, we refer to pills, cells, and batteries as batteries in this work.
These identifications made it possible to avoid any confusion concerning the manufacturer and model, and were marked on the batteries with a knife.
This marking system did not cause the exchange of heat with the batteries and thus did not change the electrolytes inside the batteries. Figure 1 shows a battery by ExtraPower. Figure 2 shows a battery by ClearCell viewed under a microscope. Tests were initialized 10 days after the receipt of all the batteries so that the effects of storage in the laboratory did not alter the performance of the batteries.
With the possession of data sheets, it was observed that there is no standardization for performance evaluation. Therefore, we chose to use fixed and high precision resistors Chart 2 to simulate a fixed load in a closed circuit voltage along with a prescribed discharge cycle of 12 hours followed by a subsequent 12 hour rest period. Both the values of the resistors, the charge and the discharge cycle, meet the requirements of IEC Table 7.
Neither the temperature nor the humidity was controlled by an air conditioning system, on account of the fact that the laboratory where the tests were conducted does not have a precision system, only a split air conditioning system. We used a calibrated Minipa multimeter ETC to measure voltages. All battery seals were removed from zinc-air batteries and the batteries were then left for 10 minutes for activation Renata ref.
It was necessary to assemble a test jig Figure 3 , i. For the construction of the test jig, only discrete components such as resistors, relays, switches, fuses, and connectors were used, and the logical drive was handled by an EcoGold programmable timer EG-TMR; Figure 4. The general scheme of operation of the jig can be seen in Figure 5.
A closed circuit composed of a resistor and a relay in which electrical contacts opened or closed its corresponding circuit was used to test each battery individually. This design met the specifications of IEC fixed-charge. This configuration was repeated 24 times. A general key S enabled or did not enable the circuit, while a fuse F protected against test jig overcurrent. A direct current supplier P; AC to DC converter fed the relay coils, according to the schedule set in the programmable timer T.
Through the test jig, it was possible to test two batteries of each brand simultaneously. Two batteries of each brand were used in simultaneous testing so that the worst of the two values could be excluded; thus, only the best performance for each of the sizes and brands of each battery was considered. In this way, up to 44 batteries were tested simultaneously in the test jig. To ensure that each circuit was functioning individually, the multimeter was used to verify if there was voltage across each of the resistors, which indicated that the circuit was functioning correctly.
Twice daily voltage measurements were performed in a random order at each of the resistors. After measuring the initial voltages of the batteries without load open circuit voltage , they were then subjected to load closed circuit. These cycles were alternated in accordance with a prescribed logic, to assess how many hours a battery would last until its final voltage of 1.
This was followed by four more measurements, in order to ensure that once a battery had reached this value, it was unable to supply voltage end-point voltage. The value of 1.
In addition, the manufacturers' data sheets showed that at around this value, zinc-air batteries have virtually no more capacity for power supply. Accordingly, the programmable timer was set to energize the test jig at am following a discharge cycle of 12 hours, which peaked at am on the next morning. Measurements were conducted immediately, following the sequence A, B, C, The next day, measurements started with the last battery and followed the sequence backwards to battery A.
On holidays, Saturdays, and Sundays the building facilities were closed, thus a different procedure was required. The night before a holiday, Saturday, or Sunday, 15 minutes was added to the programmable timer, so as to allow any additional battery discharge before measurements.
Therefore, we sought to offset the effects of partial recombination charge, which could have masked the last readings of voltage, especially at the beginning of testing, when the batteries had a higher capacity for recombination of partial charge.
All batteries were tested under this scheme. A flowchart detailing the logic employed in the test is shown in the Annex. The necessity to use a standard for evaluating the performance of hearing aid batteries may be questioned, since such evaluation can be performed by experienced patients or driven by engineers.
For example, each patient has a need for selective amplification, and amplification is related to battery consumption in the following ratio: the higher the amplification, the greater the battery drain. In general, the batteries tested in the current study had the capacity to supply power for up to hours Table 1. It would be a hindrance to the patient to maintain rigorous battery use at the same volume for 22 consecutive days.
Furthermore, this procedure would have to be repeated for all brands in the four sizes of batteries available. Battery drain varies greatly with acoustic feedback. When a hearing aid mold is not well coupled to the ear BTE design hearing aid cases , this is enough to produce feedback. Tests conducted in our laboratory indicate that when feedback occurs, hearing aids have a current drain 4. Thus, while tests with patients may directly transcribe their views, assessment of hearing aid batteries demands specialized and sequentially standardized testing, which is only possible using application tests in a laboratory.
The objectives of the present study included testing batteries within the conditions prescribed by IEC, IEC, and IEC; however, this was not always possible since the laboratory where this study was performed is not one of a certifying body, but one of a battery consumer.
For example, the above referenced IEC standards require testing of nine batteries of the same brand and model this study tested two batteries of each brand and model , and combine the measurement of physical battery size with electrical testing with fixed load performed in this study and load with standard and high pulse drain not performed in this study. Additionally, both the temperature and the relative humidity should vary only under restricted margins, which can be seen in Tables 4 and 7 of IEC However, Annex G of IEC defines that any battery consumer can establish a standard methodology for measuring the performance of batteries SMMP that meets the following criteria:.
The test methods should be defined in such a way that the test results correspond as closely as possible to the performance results as experienced by consumers when using the product in practice;.
It is essential that the test methods are objective and give meaningful and reproducible results;. Details of the test methods should be defined with a view to optimum usefulness to the consumer, taking into account the ratio between the value of the product and the expenses involved in performing the tests;.
Where use has to be made of accelerated test procedures, or of methods that have only an indirect relationship to the practical use of the product, the technical committee should provide the necessary guidance for correct interpretation of test results in relation to normal use of the product.
The present study meets the above criteria, so its results allow a performance analysis comparison between batteries of various brands.
It was observed that battery manufacturers do not always provide data sheets for their products, making it difficult to compare the performance of various battery brands. The data sheets that were provided did not follow a specific standard, which again made it difficult to compare the results obtained in this experiment with the manufacturers' data. Among the restrictions for comparison of performance, it was found that the documentation provided by PowerOne transcribed only a few numerical specifications voltage, typical energy, and capacity , and thus abstained from describing the dynamic behavior of the battery.
This can be described by graphs, in a similar way to the data sheets provided by Renata, Energizer, Duracell, Rayovac, and icellTech. The Panasonic data sheet only showed dynamic curves of high drain, resulting in a disturbing and misguided image of low battery performance for this manufacturer.
Comparing the manufacturers' data sheets with the curves obtained in the current study highlighted many discrepancies. To this end, we inserted a line parallel to the abscissa axis until it crossed the voltage of 1.
Thus, the discharge time was defined as the time in hours that the batteries provided voltage above 1. The following table shows the data for each battery from each of the manufacturers. Taken together, the information provided above highlights the fact that there was a large variability in the values presented in the manufacturers' data sheets, while laboratory test results reflected a lower variability, which confirms the reliability of tests performed in the laboratory.
Asymmetric information was provided in data sheets, e.
0コメント